What does phonology study?

Phonology is the branch of linguistics that focuses specifically on the systematic organization of sounds in spoken languages, particularly how sounds function and are used to convey meaning. This includes the study of individual speech sounds (phonemes), syllables, stress patterns, and intonation. By analyzing these elements, phonologists can understand how sounds interact within a language and how they contribute to speech perception and production.

The option that refers to the structure of sentences aligns more closely with the study of syntax rather than phonology. The meaning of words pertains to semantics, which examines how words convey meaning, making it distinct from phonology. Finally, the formation of words from morphemes relates to morphology, the study of the smallest units of meaning, rather than the sounds that compose them. Thus, the choice focusing on speech sounds and syllables accurately represents what phonology studies.